Depression in women. common and potentially devastating.

Posted on March 15, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

 

flickr.com/photos/ 7920247 @N04/4580968760

flickr.com/photos/ 7920247 @N04/4580968760

How prevalent?       10% of US adults have a mood disorder. 45% of them are classified as severe. Women as compared to men are 50% more likely to experience a mood disorder during their lifetime, and 70% more likely to have depression.
Risk factors for major depressive disorder are related to age/life cycle.

  • Pregnancy and postpartum periods have specific life stressors: financial and relationship strife.
  • Midlife stressors may include physical health limitations, menopausal symptoms, prior anxiety disorder and stressful life events.

Laboratory tests to be considered… Blood work may confirm under-functioning thyroid, anemia or electrolyte/kidney or liver abnormality– all which may cause symptoms similar to depression.
Treatment options. Are varied.

  • Depression-focused psychotherapy can be used as initial treatment.
  • Medications may be prescribed.
  • Electroconvulsive therapy is reserved for severe depression, unresponsive to medications or those with catatonic features.

Then, there is a question of how, when, and if to discontinue medication. This will be a discussion with your physician. Number of depressive episodes, severity, and continued life stressors will need to be taken into consideration.

Hope this helps.

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How to make winter skin look more radiant?

Posted on March 12, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg
flickr.com/ photos/ tweedledeedesigns/ 6994535294

flickr.com/ photos/ tweedledeedesigns/ 6994535294

Skip the tanning salon for a winter “pick-me-up.”

Tanning beds are bad news. The beds use bulbs that produce mostly UVA light– a type of radiation that encourages pigment production by damaging skin’s deeper layers. UVA exposure sharply increases the risk of melanoma (a deadly form of skin cancer). Did you know that the World Health Organization classified tanning beds as human carcinogens?
Instead, consider using a gentle body scrub or exfoliator. This will eliminate flakiness and will allow the skin to absorb lotion easier. A thick lotion, called an emollient, can also help your skin look smoother. Self-tanning lotion or spray is a safe option if you want that mid-winter glow.

Hope this helps.

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Acupuncture may help reduce shortness of breath in emphysema patients!

Posted on March 7, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

I love adjunctive medicine—therapies that can help the main-stream medical therapies we already perform.

A recent study published in Archives of Internal Medicine showed that weekly acupuncture sessions (with needles placed according to traditional Chinese medicine for bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis) helped emphysema patients have less shortness of breath and allowed the patients to walk further in a six-minute walk.

Way to go, acupuncture!

Want to read more about this? Archives of Internal Medicine, June 11, 2012; 172 (11): pages 878-886.

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Pardon me? Would you repeat that? Say that again?

Posted on February 28, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

Hearing loss varies with age. At least 25 percent of patients older than 50 years (and MORE than 50% of those older than 80 years of age) have hearing loss.
Listen with headphones? We may underestimate the vulnerability of ears to music-induced hearing loss. Occupational exposure can also affect hearing and we may be less aware of this due to its common, frequent nature. Not surprisingly, young adults represent a group in which the prevalence of hearing loss is increasing.
More information: www.audiology.org  and www.hearingconservation.org

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Women’s health maintenance schedule

Posted on February 25, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

Health maintenance in women

Premenopausal women:

  1. Preconception counseling.  Take a daily vitamin.  Folic acid 400 to 800 mcg a day–to help with spinal cord development in developing fetus.
  2. Contraception counseling, as desired.
  3. Screening for sexually transmitted infections, as needed.
  4. HIV screening
  5. Weight and blood pressure checked– as obesity and hypertension are rampant
  6. If family history of heart disease, cholesterol screening.
  7. If blood pressure more than 135/80, diabetes screening should be done.

Women aged 55-79

  1. Aspirin 75 mg a day when the patient and physician weigh the benefits of this are greater than gastrointestinal bleeding.
  2. Discontinue pap at age 65 if results have been normal or after hysterectomy for non-cancerous reasons.
  3. Breast cancer screening with mammogram may be considered in women 40-49 years of age based on patients’ values, and potential benefits and harms.
  4. Mammogram recommended biennially in women aged 50 to 74 years of age.
  5. Colorectal cancer screening from 50 to 75 years of age.
  6. Osteoporosis screening in women 65 years and older, and in younger women with a similar risk of fracture.  Compute FRAX score.

Overall, vaccine schedule per the www.cdc.gov should be followed regardless of age.

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Endometriosis

Posted on February 21, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg
flickr.com/photos/ sharynmorrow/ 168025419

flickr.com/photos/ sharynmorrow/ 168025419

This is the presence of endometrial tissue (the tissue lining the uterus) found outside the uterine cavity.  This affects up to 10% of reproductive-aged women.  Endometriosis is a diagnosis to consider in women with pelvic pain or infertility.  Some women with endometriosis have no symptoms and some have debilitating pelvic pain, painful menstrual periods, pain with intercourse and decreased fertility.

What are the risk factors for endometriosis?

  • Young age starting menstrual period.
  • First-degree relative with endometriosis.
  • Late menopause.
  • Thin body type.
  • Never had children.
  • Menstrual period longer than 5 days.
  • Menstrual periods more often than every 28 days.
  • Caucasian.

How is endometriosis diagnosed?  Usually clinically.  This means that the history and exam suggest endometriosis.  The only way to confirm it is to have a surgeon or ob/gyn perform a laparoscope and get a look-see in the abdomen and see endometrial tissue outside the endometrial (uterine) cavity.

How is it treated?  We treat the symptoms.  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or hormonal birth control pills can help with the pain.

When should the patient see an ob/gyn?  If symptoms do not respond to conservative therapy (as above) or if having difficulty getting pregnant.  An ob/gyn can prescribe gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, danazol, or surgically remove the endometrial tissue—all of which may help control symptoms.

Hope this helps.

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Eyes are important. Scratches on the eye are common.

Posted on February 17, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg
flickr.com/ photos/ mkmabus/ 2670562568

flickr.com/ photos/ mkmabus/ 2670562568

The fancy name for these is corneal abrasions.  I see these frequently.  Typically there is a history of trauma and then symptoms of feeling like something is in the eye, tearing and light-sensitivity.

Whenever these symptoms are present, see your doctor the same day.  Serious causes of eye pain (like penetrating eye injury, infective keratitis, and corneal ulcers) need to be excluded

How do doctors see and evaluate these abrasions?  A dye will be painlessly placed on the eye.  A rectangular soft piece of paper will be wetted and placed on the inside of the bottom eyelid and then the dye from the paper will bathe the surface of the eye.  Then, under blue light (see the picture attached) , the abrasion can be evaluated for size, presence of foreign body, and depth.

If a foreign body like dirt or a fleck of metal is still present on the eye surface or underside of the eyelid, this will need to be removed so that further damage to the eye’s surface is avoided.  Pain medicine and antibiotics may be prescribed.  Patching, once popular, is now not suggested as it does not improve pain and has the potential to delay healing.

Referral to an eye doctor may be needed if there is a corneal infiltrate or ulcer, significant vision change or a penetrating eye injury.

Prevention? Yes!  All persons working with metal, wood, machines, or hazardous chemicals (and those in contact sports) should wear protective eyewear.  Polycarbonate lenses offer good protection from projectiles and blunt trauma.  Welders should always wear eye protection that filters UV light.

Close follow-up is needed for corneal abrasions. . . we only get two eyes–two to last a lifetime.

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Well-woman visits, starting later.

Posted on February 14, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

Well-woman visits.  A rite of passage.  The pap test.  This test has been rethought as the reason for it is to decrease the risk of cervical cancer and researchers have found that we can wait.  Yes, wait!  The annual visit, women should start having screening pap tests at age 21.  (Sexually active women under the age of 21 can get HPV and then shed the virus before they are 21 so any abnormal paps before age 21 most likely will resolve.)

Annual exams are also to help with preventive medicine: monitoring blood pressure and body mass index, heart rhythm, breast exam and genital exam.  American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has comprehensive recommendations for annual health assessments.  Available at www.acog.org/wellwoman

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Is statin therapy (cholesterol lowering medicine) effective in preventing cardiac events?

Posted on February 11, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

Yes!  The pooled data from many studies showed that more intensive statin therapy (higher medicine dose with resulting lower cholesterol levels) was more effective than less intensive statin therapy in reducing the rate of major cardiovascular events (heart attack and stroke).

And, yes, statins were more effective at preventing major cardiovascular events compared to patients taking placebo pills (fake pills).

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Oral HPV, the stats.

Posted on February 7, 2013 by drlesliegreenberg

The prevalence of oral human papillomavirus is nearly three times higher in men than in women. You may ask “Why does this matter?”… oral HPV infection causes a subset or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Litle tidbits.

  • HPV type 16 is the subtype of HPV associated with OSCC.
  • The peak prevalence of oral HPV occurred in people aged 30-34 (7.3%) and 60-64 years (11.4).
  • The risk increased significantly as the number of sex partners for any type of sex increased.
  • Cigarette smoking increases risk of oral HPV infection.
  • The incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers increases 225% between 1988 and 2004.

Studies are needed to test HPV vaccines against oral HPV infections.

Source: JAMA 2012; 307

Posted in Cancer, General Medicine- Adults, oral health, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Uncategorized | Tagged , , , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Oral HPV, the stats.