What can the elderly do to decrease their number of falls?

What can the elderly do to decrease their number of falls?

Lots of things!  Lifestyle modifications are best: structured exercise programs and home safety interventions (like get rid of throw rugs and electrical cords across walkways).  Multifactorial assessment and inv=tervention programs reduce the rate of falls, but not the risk of falling.

What has NOT been found to work?  Vitamin D supplementation AND education about fall prevention has not been shown to decrease the rate or risk of falls.

Why is this so important?  1/3 of people older than 65 years old fall each year.  Falling once doubles a person’s chance of falling again.  One out of every five falls causes a serious injury like a head injury or a broken bone.  If an elderly person falls and requires hospitalization, their average bill is usually over $17,000.  Wow!

So, exercise and keeping the home free and clear of clutter underfoot are key!

I hope this helps.

elderly people walking

flickr.com/ photos/ tokaris/ 207335658

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Should you take a statin to decrease chance of dementia?

Should you take a statin to decrease chance of dementia?  No.  What?  We medical-sorts link “educated” logic together.  And, many times this is wrong.

It would seem intuitive that vascular dementia (when the brain doesn’t get enough blood) can be exacerbated by atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries with cholesterol).

But, research has shown that statins given later in life do not prevent dementia or cognitive decline.  This was in a randomized controlled trial with over 26,000 patients.  they followed these patient’s cognitive assessments and there were NO differences in the number of patients who developed dementia or cognitive decline between those taking statins and those not.

 

sunshine

flickr.com/photos/ bain/ 731005089

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Should you introduce peanuts early to children?! And how?!

.flickr.com/photos/cheesy42/26355491291peanutShould you introduce peanuts early to children?  And, how?!

Yes.

For historical sake, when I was in medical school, the rule was to AVOID peanut ingestion until age one.  The thought was that early introduction would increase the risk of peanut allergy.  It is said that 50% of the material that medical students learn is false and now we know that this rule is part of that 50%.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease released their guidelines after an expert panel convened.

The NEW rules are

  • For infants with severe eczema, egg allergies, or both, peanut-containing foods should be introduced at 4-6 months of age.
    • Your physician can order a peanut-specific IgE (peanut sIgE) blood test before introducing peanut to help determine the potential sensitivity and need for initial “supervised feeding” (at a medical office)  versus feeding at home.
  • For infants with mild to moderate eczema, the recommendation is to introduce peanut-containing foods at 6 months of age after the introduction of other solid foods.
  • For infants with no eczema or food allergies, the parents can introduce peanut containing foods at any age after 4 months.
  • The total amount of peanut protein should be 6 to 7 grams divided into three or more feedings per week.  You can thin peanut butter by adding hot water to 2 teaspoons of peanut butter to make a warm puree.  Put a little of this puree on the tip of a spoon and feed it to your child.  Then hit and watch for 10 minutes, checking the baby or any reaction like hives, rash, behavior changes or trouble breathing.  If no reaction, you can continue to feed the puree slowly.  Continue to watch the child for about two hours to make sure that there is not a late reaction.
  • Do not give peanuts as those can be a choking hazard.
  • Once peanut introduced, the parents should continue to provide peanut on a regular basis for several years.

The findings of another study were that there is an 80% relative reduction in peanut allergy at 5 years of age for peanut-exposed children compared with no exposure.

 

Enjoy!

 

 

 

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Yes, I’m a physician and a mother

My three children are now teenagers.  I chose to wait for motherhood until after my (and my husband’s) medical training finished…so I got a late start.  Oh well…
I appreciate this article’s perspective.  http://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2017/01/stop-surprised-im-physician-mother.html

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Women physicians may extend your life span more than male physicians

elderly people walking

flickr.com/ photos/ tokaris/ 207335658

A recent article in JAMA shows the benefits of being cared for by a woman physician.  Nearly 1/3 of practicing physicians are women and 1/2 of medical students (future physicians) are female.  That’s good news.

Want to read more?

You might live longer if your doctor’s a woman

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Family medicine question and answers 2

What is the most effective duration of nicotine replacement?  (This study was conducted only in patients also receiving extensive telephone counseling on tobacco cessation.)  8 weeks.  Beyond 2 months, continued nicotine replacement did not help with stopping-smoking rates.

What helps decrease the number of falls in older women?  Exercise training?  vitamin D? or the combination of both?  Vitamin D was ineffective in decreasing falls.  Otherwise, group exercise twice a week for one year and then once a week for the second year did NOT decrease the number of falls, but it did decrease the likelihood of a fall in these older women to result in an injury.

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Medical school knowledge…

Most of the medical school information that I learned 25 years ago is now known to be false.  I recently read a quote that medical “tradition is no longer the bedrock of (good)  practice.”  Oh, that is so true.

We physicians perform wasteful and unnecessary medical tests, treatment and procedures and we physicians have a choice to stay current with the research and choose accordingly.

Every aspect of patient care carries the possibility of harm as well as benefit.  If your physician eliminates a test (like getting a pap smear under age 21) it may be perceived as a way to decrease wasteful testing, but it may also offer the potential benefit of performing a test that is not helpful.

Change is inevitable.

 

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Family medicine question and answers…

Do sterile gloves decrease wound infection rates (compared to clean nonsterile gloves) when minor skin surgery is done?  No.  Sterile and nonsterile gloves yield a comparable number of skin infections.  So, if your doctor wears clean nonsterile gloves while taking off your minor skin lesion, that’s okay.

How long do hot flashes associated with menopause last?  They last a median of 7.4 years.  (Yes, a really long time.)  It was even found that women who begin to have frequent symptoms early in their perimenopause experience, have symptoms for a median of 11.8 years, including 9.4 years AFTER their final menstrual period.  Black women experience hot flashes longer with median time of 10.1 years.  Good news for those who are Japanese and Chinese as hot flashes occur for a median of 5 years.  flickr.com/photos/ petahopkins/ 10113965984

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Family medicine may be getting a shot in the arm!

Family medicine draws more interest among medical students than any other subspecialty.  12% of medical students plan to pursue family medicine specialization after medical school graduation.  Hooray!

Said in another way, only 5% of medical students rated their family medicine rotation as their “least favorite rotation.”

69% of the students chose their subspecialty because of “personal interest in the field.”  (Which makes me wonder what the other 31% based their field on).  The study did show that 1% made a selection because of income potential.

Good job, medical students, we need more primary care physicians.  And, move to Nevada!  We need you here.

flickr.com/ photos/ miqul/ 227467257

flickr.com/ photos/ miqul/ 227467257

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Common questions about recurrent urinary tract infections in women

What are the risk factors for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

  • In premenopausal women, the risk factors are new or multiple sexual partners, having a UTI before age 15, sexual intercourse three or more times per week, spermicide use
  • In postmenopausal women, the risk factors are urinary retention and estrogen deficiency.

We now know that the following DO NOT increase the risk of UTI  obesity, hot tub use, frequent tampon use, wearing cotton underwear, wiping back-to-front after a bowel movement, douching, or increased hydration.

Imaging (like an ultrasound) or cystoscopy (looking up the urethra and into the bladder with a scope) is rarely necessary in healthy women with recurrent UTIs, unless she has risk factors for complicated infection.

We now treat UTIs with an antibiotic course of 1-5 days, depending on the antibiotic.

If you have recurrent UTIs, consider talking to your doctor about either continuous (meaning every day) antibiotics or taking an antibiotic after sexual intercourse to help decrease recurrent rate of UTIs. Voiding after intercourse may be helpful.

If you are postmenopausal, daily estrogen vaginal cream place on the labia may reduce the risk of future UTIs.

Data is conflicting if daily cranberry tablets are helpful in preventing UTIs in premenopausal women.

If you have any of the following, this may warrant further evaluation

  • blood in the urine (either by sight or by urinalysis),
  • history of urinary tract malignancy,
  • history of urinary tract surgery,
  • history of kidney stones,
  • urine bacteria that is multidrug-resistant,
  • persistent symptoms or bacteria in the urine despite 2 weeks of culture-directed antibiotics,
  • stool in the urine or air with urination,
  • repeat episodes of kidney infections,
  • any difficulty with voiding.

    flickr.com/photos/ vinceandjoy/ 319681936/

    flickr.com/photos/ vinceandjoy/ 319681936/

 

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